Jules Verne’s Around the World in 80 Days Essay -- Around World 80 Da

Jules Verne’s Around the World in 80 Days Jules Verne’s nineteenth century novel about the movements of the â€Å"eclectic† Phileas Fogg from the start appears to be a brisk perused, a brave story written in a carefree vernacular. However a nearby perusing of entries, for example, the passage toward the start of part two, uncovers progressively mind boggling, inactive subjects in the midst of the pages of such â€Å"mass† fiction. An examination of one entry in particular1 [1] recommends that this great novel has little to do with movement, experience and love, but instead that it says something about the human condition. Fogg’s celebrated eighty-day challenge appears to be just a vessel, a methods for transportation, to veil and guide his own internal excursion. Verne’s most punctual depictions of Fogg uncover a portion of his idiosyncrasies: an unnatural obsession with following steering and being on schedule, just as fastidious consideration for detail.2 [2] Yet Fogg’s clear fixation on exactitude precludes him any insight from securing independence. As indicated by Verne, Fogg is â€Å"so careful that he [is] never in a hurry†, â€Å"[makes] no unnecessary gestures†, and â€Å"[is] never observed to be moved or agitated†.3 [3] He fastidiously peruses two papers every day without remark, stays away from both showdown and understanding, and is on the double baffling and unsurprising. Phileas Fogg appears, subsequently, to exist in such a condition of unremarkableness and liminality, lacking characterizing or particular qualities, that preceding acknowledging the demand, he would blur from the reader’s see. Verne’s graceful composition further feature Fogg’s early platitude: â€Å"Phileas Fogg was for sure exactitude represented, and this was sold out even in the outflow of his very hands and feet†¦ the appendages themselves are expressive of the passions.† (Verne 14) ... ...ons don't coordinate on an in exactly the same words premise. This is the entry as it shows up in my variants: â€Å"Phileas Fogg was in fact exactitude exemplified, and this was deceived even in the outflow of his very hands and feet; for in men, just as in creatures, the appendages themselves are articulation of the interests. He was definite to such an extent that he was never in a rush, was consistently prepared, and was affordable in the two stages and his movements. He never made one stride too much, and consistently went to his goal by the briefest way; he made no unnecessary signals, and was never observed to be moved or disturbed. He was the most intentional individual on the planet, yet consistently showed up on schedule. He lived alone, thus to talk, outside of each social connection; and as he realized that in this world there must be erosion, and since grating eases back things down, he never scoured against anybody.† (Verne 14-15)

Attitudes Toward Seeking Mental Health Essay

Theoretical As per the World Health Organization an expected 200 million individuals comprehensively are influenced by genuine emotional wellness issues, nonetheless, look into proof demonstrates that just around 33% of those encountering psychological well-being challenges really look for treatment. Various psycho-social and segment factors have been found to clarify variety in mentalities towards, and aims to, look for mental assistance. This examination tried to look at the relationship between perspectives towards looking for emotional well-being administrations and aims to take part in mental advising. The example for the present investigation comprised of 331 dynamic and resigned individuals from the national police power of the Republic of Ireland. It was anticipated that mental receptiveness, help-chasing penchant, and lack of interest to disgrace would all emphatically foresee expectations to take an interest in mental guiding, in the wake of controlling for age, sexual orientation and character factors. The outcomes demonstrated that Finish Abstract Presentation As indicated by the World Health Organization an expected 200 million individuals internationally are influenced by genuine psychological wellness issues (Mollica, 2000). Accessible information, in any case, proposes that just around 33% of those encountering emotional wellness troubles really reach (Kessler et al., 2009). This is of concern not just as a result of the pernicious effect on individual’s lives, yet additionally as a result of the related monetary and cultural expenses of untreated emotional wellness issues (Kessler et al., 2009). Various psycho-social and segment factors have been found to clarify variety in mentalities towards, and goals to, look for mental assistance (e.g., Bartels, 2003; Segal, Coolidge, Mincic, and O’Riley, 2005; Vogel, Wester, Wei, and Boysen, 2005). How great and successful one accepts mental directing to be, one’s own confidence in their ability to participate in advising, and impression of resulting social rejectionâ follo wing guiding participation, have been recognized as especially powerful (e.g., Hyland, McLaughlin, Boduszek, and Prentice, 2012; Vogel and Wester, 2003). Research likewise proposes that females might be essentially almost certain than guys to hold good perspectives towards using psychological well-being administrations (e.g., Chandra and Minkovitz 2006; Raunic and Xenos, 2008), albeit a few investigations have demonstrated that guys and females don't contrast in their mentalities or goals towards the usage of emotional wellness administrations (e.g., Kelly and Achter, 1995; Vogel and Wester, 2003). Furthermore, character factors have been recommended to affect upon individuals’ help-chasing perspectives and goals. Jagdeo, Cox, Stein, and Sareen (2009) found that standoffish character issue was related with more noteworthy negative perspectives towards help-chasing utilizing information from the US National Comorbidity Survey (NCS) (n = 5877) and the Ontario Health Survey (OHS) (n = 6902). Given the uniqueness between psychological wellness administration needs and administration usage a progressively extensive comprehension of the variables engaged with guiding looking for conduct is required. The Inventory of Attitudes toward Seeking Mental Health Services (IASMHS; Mackenzie, Knox, Gekoski, and Macaulay, 2004) is a 24-thing scale intended to survey the attitudinal variables that impact the looking for of emotional wellness administrations. This scale was created dependent on Fisher and Turner’s (1970) Attitudes toward Seeking Professional Psychological Help Scale. The scale was created with an unmistakable hypothetical establishment, and its expanding use in inquire about (James and Buttle, 2008; Loya, Reddy, and Hinshaw, 2010; Mackenzie, Gekoski, and Knox, 2006; Mojaverian, Hashimoto, and Kim, 2012; Floersch et al., 2009). The IASMHS at first included 41-things, anyway the outcomes an exploratory factor examination (EFA) utilizing most extreme probability estimation among an example of 208 grown-up volunteers (Mackenzie et al., 2004) diminished the quantity of things in the scale to 24. Results showed that the 24-thing scale could be clarified as far as three associated factors, which represented 43% of change: (a) Psychological Openness (how much an individual is available to recognizing the nearness of a mental issue and to look for proficient consideration for such an issue), (b) Help-Seeking Propensity (one’s eagerness and saw capacity to look for help for mental issues), and (c) Indifference to Stigma (how concerned an individual would feel were critical others to find that they were getting mental care). Internal consistency coefficients for the IASMHS subscales were accounted for to be acceptable with Cronbach’s alphas of .82 (mental transparency), .76 (help-chasing penchant), and .79 (detachment to disgrace). Factor relationships were moderate with r esteems running from .37 to .47. In a similar paper, utilizing a free example of 293 undergrad college understudies and utilizing corroborative factor examination (CFA) procedures, Mackenzie and associates (2004) revealed that they imitated the three-factor arrangement showed by the EFA. Model fit was worthy and factor connections extended from r = .26 to .43. The present investigation intends to evaluate how much goals to partake in mental guiding can be anticipated by perspectives towards looking for psychological well-being administrations. In particular, it was anticipated that mental transparency, help-chasing affinity, and impassion to disgrace would all decidedly foresee aims to take an interest in mental guiding, in the wake of controlling for age, sexual orientation and character factors. Strategy Members The example for the present investigation comprised of 331 (Males: n = 202; Females: n = 129) dynamic and resigned individuals from the national police power of the Republic of Ireland. Of the officials selected, 302 (91%) were at present serving individuals from the Irish police power, while 29 (9%) were resigned. Members ran in age from 20 to 77 years, with a normal period of 28.41 years (SD = 8.63). Simply under a large portion of the example of officials were positioned in rustic regions (45%, n = 149), 41% were positioned in rural regions (n = 136), and 14% were positioned in urban zones (n = 46). Most of officials who partook in this examination were ongoing participants into the police administration with 63% of respondents demonstrating that they had been serving for a long time or less (n = 209). Roughly half were hitched (48%, n = 159), while the rest of the members either dwelled with guardians (27%, n = 89), lived with other relatives (3%, n = 10), or lived alone (22%, n = 73). System Most of study members were enlisted during a preparation course (n = 259), while the rest of the officials were selected through formal composed solicitations (n = 72). Proper approval was allowed from the relevantâ officials to complete the investigation. Altogether, 532 individuals were drawn nearer to finish the examination poll, and 365 chipped in their support (68%). Anyway because of overpowering missing information in 34 returned studies just 331 reactions were held for the last investigation (62%). Members were required to finish an unknown self-report, paper-and-pencil survey booklet which incorporated a guidance sheet and an agree structure appended to the front of the booklet. Members were guaranteed about secrecy and educated that their investment was intentional. Finished polls were returned by the members to their boss official in fixed envelopes, and were along these lines come back to the central specialist. Measures The Inventory of Attitudes toward Seeking Mental Health Services (IASMHS: Mackenzie et al., 2004) is a 24-thing scale intended to quantify an individual’s perspectives towards looking for psychological wellness administrations. The IASMHS was created so as to quantify three elements marked (a) Psychological transparency, (b) Help-chasing penchant, and (c) Indifference to disgrace. Mental transparency mirrors how much an individual is available to recognizing the nearness of a mental issue and to look for proficient consideration for such an issue. Help-chasing penchant reflects one’s eagerness and saw capacity to look for help for mental issues. Lack of interest to disgrace alludes to how concerned an individual would feel if critical others were to find that they were getting mental consideration. Each factor is proposed to be estimated by means of 8 things and every thing is estimated utilizing a five point Likert-scale going from 0 (â€Å"disagree†) to 4 (â₠¬Å"agree†). Goals to Participate in Psychological Counseling: Intentions were estimated as a feature of a bigger survey intended to quantify the different builds of the Theory of Planned Behavior (Ajzen, 1991). This poll was built by the rules set out by Ajzen (1991, 2002). The survey depended on an invented situation which incorporated the four components of time, setting, activity, and focus, as proposed by Ajzen and Fishbein (1977). The situation depicts an occasion that occurred a month and a half beforehand in which an individual observers a serious roadâ traffic mishap. In the mediating a month and a half this individual starts to encounter noteworthy character changes. The individual is accounted for to now encounter delayed times of outrageous pity, absence of vitality, troubling considerations identified with the awful mishap, decreased enthusiasm for typically pleasurable exercises, extreme fits of anxiety while outside, and refusal to go out in any event, for work. A companion of this individual goes to a G.P. about the issue and the G.P. suggests that the depicted individual ought to go to an expert clinician for guiding inside the following week. An arrangement is in this manner made for one week from now. Members in this examination are approached to put themselves in the situation of this imaginary individual and to finish the que

Dealing With Divorce Through Humor

Managing Divorce Through Humor Separation isn't fooling around. Its difficult to giggle when two individuals are battling about cash, property, and children. Notwithstanding, separate isâ gaining social acknowledgment in numerous pieces of the world. Humor assists with mitigating the torment of partition, and mockery draws out your clever side. Along these lines, in the event that you want to be awful, it is smarter to discharge your dreadfulness through snide quotesâ than by raging at your loved ones. On the off chance that you are experiencing a troublesome separation, you might need to help up. Prepare for humor in your heart, anyway harsh you feel right now. Find approaches to vent your failure. Rantâ out boisterous with companions. On the off chance that you are fuming with outrage, let off some pressure with these amusing separation cites. A comical inclination might be your closest companion during this troublesome time. Separation Quotes Lewis GrizzardInstead of getting hitched once more, Im simply going to discover a lady I dont like and give her a house. Oscar WildeDivorces are made in paradise. Dave BarryToday, it is simpler to get separated in many states than to get a transmission fixed appropriately. Garry TrudeauIn Palm Springs, they think vagrancy is brought about by terrible separation attorneys. John Kenneth GalbraithThe most joyful time of anyones life is soon after the primary separation. Zsa GaborHe trained me housekeeping; when I separate from I keep the house. Woody AllenThe just time my better half and I had a concurrent climax was the point at which the adjudicator marked the legal documents. I ought to have realized something wasn't right with my first spouse. At the point when I carried her home to meet my folks, they endorsed of her. Mary Kay BlakelyDivorce is what might be compared to a triple coronary detour. After such a stupendous attack on the heart, it takes a very long time to alter all the propensities and perspectives that hinted at it.â J. B. HandelsmanJust another of our numerous differences. He needs a no-shortcoming divorce, while I would want to have the jerk executed. Jimmy FallonA 99-year-elderly person is petitioning for legal separation from his 96-year-old spouse, making them the universes most seasoned separated from couple. Its got the opportunity to be unusual when a separation legal advisor is battling for your children to get guardianship of you.A new examination found that ladies put on more weight after marriage, however men put on more weight after a separation. Better believe it, the separation for the most part happens after men bring up that ladies put on more weight after marriage. Groucho MarxMarriage is the central reason for separate. Jean KerrBeing separated resembles being hit by a Mack truck. If you live through it, you begin looking cautiously to one side and to one side. Johnny CarsonThe contrast between a separation and a lawful partition is that a lawful division gives a spouse time to conceal his cash. Wendy LiebmanMy mother consistently said dont wed for cash, separate for cash. Robin WilliamsAh, indeed, separate... from the Latin word importance to tear out a keeps an eye on private parts through his wallet. Helen RowlandLove, the mission; marriage, the victory; separate, the investigation. Dave BarryYou ought to be set up for anything during divorce procedures even reality. James CaanTo get over my separation, I got a remedy to live at the Playboy Mansion for some time. Ruth GordonIn our family, we dont separate from our men-we cover them.â Mike TysonYou cannot remain wedded in a circumstance where you are reluctant to rest in the event that your significant other may cut your throat. Bette DavisI’d wed again on the off chance that I found a man who had $15 million and would give up half of it to me before the marriage and assurance he’d be dead in a year. Lenny ClarkeI can’t get separated on the grounds that I’m a Catholic. Catholics don’t get separated. They remain together through indignation and scorn and rotting hopelessness, much the same as God planned. Mickey RooneyA part of individuals have asked me how short I am. Since my last separation, I contemplate $100,000 short. Evan EsarSome ladies get separates on the grounds of contrariness; others, on simply the initial two syllables. Numerous a lady would get a separation in the event that she could do it without satisfying her better half. Tommy ManvilleShe cried-and the adjudicator cleaned her tears with my checkbook. Louis C.K.Divorce is in every case uplifting news. I realize that sounds strange, yet its actual in light of the fact that awful marriage has ever finished in separate. That would be tragic. In the event that two individuals were hitched and they simply had an extraordinary thing and afterward they got separated, that would be extremely dismal. In any case, that has happened multiple times. Chelsea PerettiMy guardians separated from when I was one year old so I don’t truly recall any of the subtleties, yet fortunately, my mother does so she’s been extremely useful. John CleeseI got off delicately. Think what I’d have needed to pay Alyce in the event that she had contributed anything to the relationship, for example, kids or a discussion. Russell BrandWhen youre a priest, youre not permitted to engage in sexual relations with anybody. When youre wedded, its one individual. That is one in excess of a priest. It isn't so unique.

Motivation to Lead

Question: Distinguish manners by which they can apply the outcomes to improve initiative capacity inside their association. Answer: Powerful inspiration and authority encourages each person to get accomplishment in the work environment (Geller, 2016). In this evaluation, the scientist is a Senior Personal Banker in Wales Fargo Bank. The procedure by which the specialist is driving the bank hushes up considerable as the qualities required for being a decent pioneer is available in the scientist. As the specialist is more keen on turning into the pioneer as opposed to supporter, the person will without a doubt advantage the bank from the approaches that will be executed by the person in question. Aside from this, the nature of helping other people in group without being a pioneer shows their capacity to turn into a decent pioneer. In addition, the capacity of scientist in driving others with no desire consequently is exceptionally brave for others to follow (Tuckey, Bakker Dollard, 2012). In this manner, the evaluation can be reasoned that the analyst can be demonstrated as a decent innovator in producing new deals and lead the bank towards progress. The analyst has some different characteristics that can be evaluated in this investigation, which are showing that the specialist can turn into a decent pioneer. The enthusiasm of assuming liability and getting obligation in bunches made the scientist progressively proficient for turning into an amazing individual in control who consistently consents to assume the liability and never anticipate any bit of leeway from that. Along these lines, at last it very well may be said that the analyst has the effectiveness to improve as a pioneer for the bank that will improve their deals just as the inside condition of the association. Reference list: Geller, E. S. (2016). The brain research of self-motivation.Applied Psychology, 83. Tuckey, M. R., Bakker, A. B., Dollard, M. F. (2012). Enabling pioneers upgrade working conditions for commitment: A staggered study.Journal of Occupational Health Psychology,17(1), 15.

Import and Collaboration Updates for MindMeister - Focus

Import and Collaboration Updates for MindMeister - Focus We have just deployed one more update in the private beta phase to try out a few new features and fix some problems. As were running out of version numbers below 1.0, well have to go live soon though anyway ?? This time weve added things like: A new changes view to see who has done what on shared maps (use the button in the palette to switch it on) Personal messages when sharing maps Recenter map function Ability to minimize the palette Enhanced node editing and zooming Import from Freemind / Mindmanager bugfixes Thanks once again to everybody for the valuable feedback on the new features. We are working on a few more goodies that have been requested by many of our beta testers, such as notes on nodes and more positioning/formatting options. Above all though we want to make this a tool that is easy and fun to use for everybody, so please let us know if were getting there, and where we still need to improve! Import and Collaboration Updates for MindMeister - Focus We have just deployed one more update in the private beta phase to try out a few new features and fix some problems. As were running out of version numbers below 1.0, well have to go live soon though anyway ?? This time weve added things like: A new changes view to see who has done what on shared maps (use the button in the palette to switch it on) Personal messages when sharing maps Recenter map function Ability to minimize the palette Enhanced node editing and zooming Import from Freemind / Mindmanager bugfixes Thanks once again to everybody for the valuable feedback on the new features. We are working on a few more goodies that have been requested by many of our beta testers, such as notes on nodes and more positioning/formatting options. Above all though we want to make this a tool that is easy and fun to use for everybody, so please let us know if were getting there, and where we still need to improve!

Researchers Haggai Sharon - Free Essay Example

Researchers Haggai Sharon, Adi Maron-Katz, Eti Ben Simon, Yuval Flusser, Talma Hendler, Ricardo Tarrasch, and Silviu Brill aimed to examine whether mindfulness meditation-induced analgesia involves endogenous opioids. Previous studies supported the advantageous effects that mindfulness meditation had on pain perception (Zeidan et al., 2011). However, the mechanisms behind the meditation-induced analgesia had not been adequately studied or understood (Sharon et al., 2016). Sharons research team sought to expand on this researchthey sought to uncover the underlying neural mechanisms by using an opioid blocker to investigate the involvement of endogenous opioids on the meditation-induced analgesia effect. If endogenous opioids were involved, they further aimed to examine whether the analgesia effects could be manipulated by suggestion or expectation through use of a placebo (Sharon et al., 2016). The experiment was designed to consist of 15 healthy and experienced mindfulness meditation practitioners that would participate in 30 sessions of the study (Sharon et al., 2016). It was a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover study (Sharon et al., 2016). All chosen participants practiced sitting meditation and had reported an hour of practice at least three times a week with over a year of experience (Sharon et al., 2016). They had no neurological or psychological disorders, nor any issues with chronic pain (Sharon et al., 2016). To obtain a baseline, all subjects were initially asked to rate the pain and unpleasantness of a cold stimulus prior to any meditation. The cold stimulus used throughout the study required participants to immerse a hand in icy water for 10 seconds (Sharon et al., 2016). A visual analog scale was utilized to measure pain intensity (Sharon et al., 2016). After a normal meditation session, participants again rated the pain and unpleasantness of a cold stimulus. The subjects were then randomized to receive either 0.1 mg/kg of naloxone or saline via an intravenous line (Sharon et al., 2016). Naloxone is an antagonist drug that competitively binds to opioid receptors (U.S. Department of Health Human Services). After receiving the naloxone or saline, they meditated again, and then rated the pain and unpleasantness of the cold stimulus again. On another day, each subject repeated the procedure, having again been randomly assigned either the naloxone or saline (Sharon et al., 2016). The results of the experiment found a significant reduction in pain and unpleasantness scores after natural mindfulness meditation when compared with the baseline scores (Sharon et al., 2016). There was also a significant reduction in pain and unpleasantness scores after placebo administration, but not after naloxone administration (Sharon et al., 2016). The researchers tested the correlation between the differences in pain scores following the naloxone vs placebo and participants mindfulness-mediation experience (Sharon et al., 2016). The results clearly indicated a positive correlation of the response to intervention with years of experience (Sharon et al., 2016). Saline was more likely to reverse the induced analgesic effect in less experienced subjects, meaning they were more sensitive to the placebo. More experienced subjects had a reduced response to the placebo. The researchers concluded that their results concurred with previous findings that mindfulness meditation produces an analgesic effect. They also believed their results to be significant because they revealed for the first time that such effects are reversible by an opioid antagonist (Sharon et al., 2016). Sharons research team also concluded that these results indicate mindfulness meditation must involve the physiological recruitment of endogenous opioid systems (Sharon et al., 2016). Their results also suggested that with increasing experience in meditation comes a reduced response to cognitive manipulation (Sharon et al., 2016). These results reveal that mindfulness meditation evolves and will becomes less susceptible to manipulation with time and experience. Future researchers can further investigate the possibility that long-term mindfulness meditation exercise could help mediate acute or chronic pain in affected individuals. If proven effective, mindfulness meditation could hav e a significant impact on the estimated 11% to 40% of adults in the United States suffering from chronic pain (Dahlhamer et al., 2018). Sharon and his team designed a well thought out experiment and reported significant findings. Their results confirmed previous findings and revealed new insight into the neurological mechanisms behind meditation-induced analgesia. The researchers conducted their experiment as a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover study. This enabled them to avoid bias from both the experimenters and the participants. It also kept the randomizations balanced and reduced carry-over and order effects. Overall, the results are a promising insight into the potential of mindfulness meditation in pain relief and provide a great reference point for future clinical research. While this study was carefully planned, there were numerous and significant limitations. In order to control for individual differences in pain perception, it was practical for the study to be a within-subjects experiment; however, any within-subjects experiment carries the issues of practice effects and history effects. Gender was not accounted for in this study. Therefore, the researchers did not consider the plausible biological and psychological sex differences in pain (Bartley Fillingim, 2013). Only 14 subjects were analyzed, and this relatively small sample size could have influenced the research outcomes. A larger sample size would have been preferable. For example, a study from 2016 that studied the effects of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) in adults with chronic low back pain enrolled 342 participants in their study (Cherkin et al., 2016). Another limitation was that all study participants were experienced, were recruited from the same meditation practice center, and practiced the same type of sitting mindfulness meditation (Sharon et al., 2016). The results of this experiment cannot be generalized to other types of mindfulness meditation or to inexperienced patients. In 2016, researchers at Wake Forest School of Medicine studied the responses the 78 healthy adult volunteers to heat pain after 4 days of mindfulness-based mental training (Zeidan et al., 2016). The methods of this experiment were nearly identical to those of Sharons study but used meditation-nave participants instead of experienced practitioners, and a heat stimulus rather than a cold one (Zeidan et al., 2016). A few other details were also adjusted, including employing a higher naloxone dose. Zeidans study generated dramatically different results than Sharons study. While the natural mindfulness meditation also reduced pain and unpleasantness scores, th e higher dose of naloxone did not reverse the mindfulness meditation-induced analgesia as it had in Sharons study. During naloxone administration, the pain and unpleasantness scores remained almost completely unaltered (Zeidan et al., 2016). Zeidan and his research team concluded that the pain relief produced by mindfulness mediation was independent of endogenous opioid mechanisms (Zeidan et al., 2016). Zeidans findings raise questions about the reproducibility of Sharons results and the potential therapeutic implications for patients suffering from pain. Finally, this study included only healthy volunteers. Therefore, it cannot be determined whether the observations would remain valid in patients that suffer from acute or chronic pain. Sharon and his team yielded that this would be a particular concern for patients that had previously been exposed to exogenous opioids (Sharon et al., 2016). While there is little doubt about the benefits of mindfulness practice in cognitive and emotional brain processes, substantially more research needs to be conducted before the effects on sensory pathways can be adequately understood. Despite the studys limitations, the therapeutic implications of Sharon and his teams findings could be life-altering for the many people worldwide suffering from acute or chronic pain. These findings could also prove beneficial for those addicted to exogenous opioids. Opioid drugs carry significant risks, even when prescribed and properly used. Theoretically, a meditation-induced pain relief treatment could reduce opioid abuse rates and help treat addicts. However, with inconsistent findings about the role of the endogenous opioid system, future research must validate the results before our understanding of meditations analgesic effects can be successfully applied.

African Development And Income Inequalities - 3098 Words

Africa is a continent rich in culture, resources, and potential. But when compared to the rest of the world, Africa stands as the poorest continent despite having some of the world’s richest natural resources. Africa has some of the poorest life expectancy, highest HIV/AIDS rates, malnutrition and infant mortality rates in the world (African Development Bank Group, Income Inequality in Africa, 2012, p. 2). It leaves one to question the reason for such disparity within the continent. The following will provide an in-depth analysis into one of the many reasons for such inequalities and poverty. I will argue that tribalism imbedded in African culture has had a significant role in the lack of economic development and income inequalities.†¦show more content†¦Without taking to account the loyalty people have for their various tribes and ethnic groups, attempts to combine tribes failed and further heightening tribal tensions and conflicts (Ethnicity and Tribalism in Africa : The Truth, 2014). Instead of working towards transitioning from the unfavorable hierarchy it so long endured, the African â€Å"bourgeoisie† inherited the practices of exploitation from its European colonizers (Tribalism, Colonialism and Capitalism, 2014). Like the Europeans, Africans wanted to make economic gains in the expense of the working people. Therefore, today we see African politics made up of unequal advantages stemming from tribalism and ethnic discrimination (Tribalism, Colonialism and Capitalism, 2014). Tribalism, which is the â€Å"behavior and attitudes that stem from strong loyalty to one s own tribe or social group†, is believed to be the reason for inequality and tension between people within a country and between countries (Clay, Nation, Tribe and Ethnic Group in Africa, 1985). It is argued that if African states are to make any substantial economic and social development, tribalism must first be destroyed (Clay, Nation, Tribe and Ethnic Group in Africa, 1985). The reasoning for this notion being that it, tribalism is threatening to the authority and distribution of resources. As mentioned in the previous sections, Africa has some of the richest natural resources in the world,

The Feminist Movement By Kate Chopin And Boys And Girls By...

For millennia, women have been perceived as lesser beings compared to men. Many women tend to fall into a sense of entrapment brought on by the superiority complex of men. The feminist movement, which began in the late nineteenth century, works to disprove this false perception. The movement describes a fight for political, cultural, and economic rights equal to that of men. Two short stories, â€Å"The Story of an Hour† by Kate Chopin and â€Å"Boys and Girls† by Alice Munro, relate experiences from female perspectives, highlighting oppression against women. The authors use different techniques to show the protagonists’ similar struggle for liberation in their male-dominated environments. While Alice Munro uses the voice of a young girl to†¦show more content†¦Through this voice, the author captures the readers’ sympathies and furthers their understanding of injustice against women. Kate Chopin expresses an opinion similar to Alice Munro’ s in her piece, â€Å"The Story of an Hour.† Using the metaphor of a heart disease, Chopin illustrates how marriage can serve to subjugate women. She shows the underlying control men have over women with this symbol. In Chopin’s story, the protagonist, Mrs. Mallard, has just discovered the news of her husband’s death. Chopin states, â€Å"Knowing that Mrs. Mallard was afflicted with a heart trouble, great care was taken to break to her as gently as possible the news of her husband’s death† (para. 1). Mrs. Mallard’s sister, Josephine, and her husband’s friend, Richard, are the ones who inform her, and they are cautious of her condition. Mrs. Mallard soon realizes the significance of the death of her husband when Chopin writes,â€Å"There would be no more powerful will bending hers in that blind persistence with which men and women believe they have a right to impose a private will upon a fellow-creature† (para. 10). While Chopin keeps her accusation gender neutral, she makes it apparent that Mrs. Mallard’s husband imposes private will upon her. This is evidence of female oppression. After processing the news of his death, Mrs. Mallard expresses a surge of liberation as â€Å"her pulses beat fast, and the coursing blood

Differences in Gillettes Old and New Advertisments Essays

In the novel Brave New World, Aldous Huxley portrays a futuristic world to the readers, enabling them to compare the present society to the future culture. Similarly, by analyzing the ads of 1950s and the 21st Century, we can compare the societies of the past and the present. The Gillette Company was founded approximately a hundred years ago. The company has been making ads through out the last century to popularize their products. By exploring these Gillette ads, we can gather facts about the market system and consumer demands during the time periods where the ads emerged. The Gillette ads from the 1950s to 2004 portray the declining competitiveness and consumer growth of the expanding Gillette razor industry. After the World War†¦show more content†¦Although few other competitive companies exist, through the years Gillette has become so famous and rigid that it is a household name now. Given this lack of competition, Gillette has the freewill to do almost anything. Their ads now give more attention to the product system rather than focusing on the market. The Gillette Mach3, a modern ad is very simple, and pictures the Gillette blade and mentions its features (Mach 3 Shaving System). Although the ad is very simple in nature, Mach3 is the most sold Gillette product. Thus, owing to low competition and the comfort and uniqueness of the Gillette products, the demand is very high, regardless of the plain features of the ads. Though the demands are high due to lower competition, the Gillette product pricing remains a controversy. The 1950s ads focused a lot on the cheapness of the blades and their ability to meet the expense of everyman (Display Ad 71). J. P. Spang, Jr., the President of the Gillette Company in the 1950s had said that they had focused on producing products that are available in quantity and quality, keeping in mind to sell it to the consumer at the lowest price consistent with a fair profit (Spang 25). Meanwhile, modern ads do not emphasize on the prices, as they know their products are expensive. Due to their ongoing high demands, the company probably assumes that in the modern era, the consumers do not get swayed away by higher prices as long as the product is being upgraded. ThisShow MoreRelatedStrategic Marketing Management337596 Words   |  1351 PagesProfessor of Business Administration The Business School Loughborough University and Colin Gilligan Professor of Marketing Sheffield Hallam University and Visiting Professor, Northumbria University AMSTERDAM †¢ BOSTON †¢ HEIDELBERG †¢ LONDON †¢ NEW YORK †¢ OXFORD PARIS †¢ SAN DIEGO †¢ SAN FRANCISCO †¢ SINGAPORE †¢ SYDNEY †¢ TOKYO Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann Linacre House, Jordan Hill, Oxford OX2 8DP 200 Wheeler Road, Burlington, MA 01803 First published 1992 Second edition 1997 Reprinted 1998

Essay about Who Killed Reconstruction - 1873 Words

North or South: Who Killed Reconstruction? Harper’s Weekly September 1, 1868 Harper’s Weekly September 1, 1868 â€Å"Is This a Republican Form of Government? Is This Protecting Life, Liberty, or Property?† â€Å"Is This a Republican Form of Government? Is This Protecting Life, Liberty, or Property?† Overview: The twelve years after the Civil War proved to be a difficult time for America. Called Reconstruction by historians, this era saw an increase of freedom for former slaves. However, there was also great resistance to change. In 1877 attempts to reconstruct the South officially ended, leaving white-only governments in power. This DBQ asks you to decide who, North or South, was most responsible for the end of Reconstruction†¦show more content†¦These laws were often called â€Å"Black Codes.† The example below of â€Å"Black Codes† comes from laws passed in Opelousas, Louisiana immediately after the Civil War. ------------------------------------------------- 1. No negro or freedmen shall be allowed to come within the limits of the town of Opelousas without special permission from his employers. Whoever breaks this law will go to jail and work for two days on the public streets, or pay a fine of five dollars.† ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- 2. â€Å"No negro or freedman shall be permitted to rent or keep a house in town under any circumstances. No negro or freedman shall live within the town who does not work for some white person or former owner.† ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- 3. â€Å"No public meetings of negroes or freedmen shall be allowed within the town.† ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- 4. â€Å"No freedman shall be allowed to carry firearms, or any kind of weapons. No freedman shall sell or exchange any article of merchandise within the limits of Opelousas without permission in writing from his employer.†Show MoreRelatedChallenges Faced By African Americans990 Words   |  4 PagesJulian, who is African American, killed a white judge. The mob promised to find him and burn him alive, but when they could not find him they decided to go after Roselius Julian’s relatives.5 â€Å"The mother, three brothers and two sisters of the Negro were arrested†¦at the Black Ridge in the rear of the city by the police.†5 The three brothers were the ones that were hanged for their brother’s crime.5 There was also an innocent young African American man who was not related to Julian, and who might notRead MoreCivil War Reconstruction: Success or Failure? Essay1262 Words   |  6 PagesAP US History 06 January 2006 Reconstruction: Failure The Civil war was possibly the greatest tragedy that this country had ever faced. Years of constant arguing, compromises and cynical ideas about slavery pushed this so called United Nation into an atrocious collision between the Northern abolitionists and the Southern proslavery farmers and plantation owners. The nation suffered enormous losses economically and went into a downward spiral. The reconstruction period began with many leadersRead MoreThe Reconstruction Era And The Jim Crow Era1525 Words   |  7 PagesThe Reconstruction Era and The Jim Crow Era were both times of Rapid growth in the United States that were characterized by changes not only on the intrapersonal level, but also on the cultural and legislative level. The Reconstruction Era occurred directly after the civil war and spanned twelve years from 1865 to 1877 , while the Jim Crow Era occurred from 1877 to 1954. Some of the common themes of these eras were race relations and tension between northern states and s outhern states. The firstRead MoreImpact Of The Civil War On African Americans860 Words   |  4 PagesIt was between the Union and the Confederacy over their differences and problems they created. The consequences the nation faced due to the demolition of the Civil War, was terrifying. Then the Reconstruction era was born to restore, reinstate, and unite the United States as one. During the Reconstruction of 1865 through 1867, African American lives were impacted economically because they were given few rights and their resources were limited, socially because they wanted to be given an ordinaryRead MoreThe Black Codes Of Mississippi920 Words   |  4 PagesIn 1865, the United States government implemented what was known as Reconstruction. Its’ purpose was to remove slavery from the south, and give African-American’s the freedom in which they deserved. However, the freedom that they deserved was not the freedom that they received. With documents like The Black Codes restricting them from numerous privileges that white people had and the terroristic organization known as the Klu Klux Klan attacking and killing them, African-American’s were still beingRead MoreThe Autobiography of Miss Jane Pittman1277 Words   |  6 Pagesis a classic fictional book. The Autobiography of Miss Jane Pittman is the story if a women’s life told when she was over one hundred years old. The novel goes over 3 main periods of time: war years, reconstruction, and slavery. In The Autobiography of Miss Jane Pittman it is the time of reconstruction and the novel really connects with the history of the time. The novel starts the story at when Jane was a young slave. The Emancipation Proclamation was a decree announced my President Abraham LincolnRead MoreThe Reconstruction Era990 Words   |  4 PagesThe Reconstruction Era was from around 1865-1877, during that time many laws were passed to break down the color barrier. The 13th Amendment which officially abolished slavery and involuntary servitude was passed on April 8th, 1864. Then came the 14th Amendment passed on July 9th, 1868 which granted citizenship to everyone born in the U.S. Finally came the 15th Amendment passed in 1870 which gave freedmen the right to vote and could not be denied on account of race or previous condition of servitudeRead MoreThe Other Side of the Enmancipation Proclamation Essay1181 Words   |  5 Pagesconfederacy, which brought about the civil war. Despite inclusive wording, the Emancipation Proclamation was limited in many ways. It applied only to states that had seceded from the Union. After years of fighting the North won and reconstruction began. Reconstruction was a difficult task and wasnt taken lightly, for after the defeat the south had much resentment and hostility toward the north and even more so towards African Americans that had been given freedom, voting rights, and protection dueRead MoreHealth Effects Of The September 111159 Words   |  5 Pagesoccupancy fell below 40% and 3,000 employees were laid off in the week following the attacks. (Wiki- Economics, History.com) Health effects of the September 11, 2001 attacks were almost non-existent at first, but years and years of study showed that people who worked around the debris from long periods of time are much more likely to develop PTSD. Some heart conditions and respiratory disease have been linked to the September 11, 2001 attacks, but nothing has been proven. Some mental illness exists as a resultRead MoreWhy Was Responsible For The End Of Reconstruction?1282 Words   |  6 Pagesthe death of an era not a person. The question is, who was responsible for the ending of Reconstruction (To rebuild/fixing after war): Northern Neglect or Southern Resistance? Though there is no question. The North’s neglecting to the south was a primary reason for the ending of reconstruction because during that era a large percentile of the North made up the Ku Klux Klan (KKK), which that specific group was largely opposed to the reconstruction of the South as well as they were supremacist; which

Concept of Globalisation Free Essays

Concept of Globalization Globalization means different things to different people. The three important perspectives of globalization are as follows: †¢ To a business executive, globalization refers to a strategy of crossing national boundaries through globalized production and marketing networks. †¢ To an economist, globalization refers to an economic interdependence between countries covering increased trade, technology, labor, and capital flows. We will write a custom essay sample on Concept of Globalisation or any similar topic only for you Order Now †¢ To a political scientist, globalization refers to an integration of a global community in terms of ideas, norms, and values. Because of these differences in perspectives, globalization has been defined in many different ways. The following are the widely used definitions of globalization: †¢ â€Å"Globalization is a free movement of goods, services, people, capital, and information across national boundaries. † †¢ â€Å"Globalization is a process by which an activity or undertaking becomes worldwide in scope. † †¢ â€Å"Globalization is a process of integration of the world as one market. † Form these definitions; it is clear that globalization leads to an integrated global economy. The process of globalization ultimately converts the huge globe into a small global village. Forms of Globalization Globalization is a multi-dimensional process. It has four important dimensions: economic, cultural, political, and environmental. The process of globalization is now influencing these aspects of an economy. A brief description of these forms of globalization is as follows: ECONOMIC GLOBALIZATION: Economic influence is the most obvious part of globalization. Economic globalization is contributed by liberalization, deregulation, privatization, and declining costs of the markets in goods, services, capital, trade, and finance. Economic globalization has speeded up in the recent past. A free-trade doctrine removes the barriers to the flow of goods between countries. The formation of the World Trade Organization (WTO) has given impetus to this process. Multinational companies are another force to boost up economic globalization. CULTURAL GLOBALIZATION: Different countries have different sets of national beliefs, values and norms. The expanding process of globalization has brought these cultural diversities together to form a global culture. Advances in communications, television networks, transportation technology have been reducing the barriers of distance and culture. Over the last several years, global communications have been revolutionized by developments in satellites, digital switching, and optical fiber telephone lines. As a result of such developments, reliable system of commercial jet travel has reduced the time it takes to get from one location to another. This has tremendous impact on the flow of tourists across the globe. Television programmers have made people aware of other cultures and languages. These have reduced the cultural distance between countries. The process of globalization has increased mutual understanding, peaceful coexistence, and learning from each other’s experiences. POLITICAL GLOBALIZATION: Nations today are more inter-dependent. They are joining hands to participate in creating macro-political framework for development. There are exchanges of views and experiences between nations regarding the establishment of good governance system, legal system, human rights, free media, property rights, decentralized pattern of governance, relatively free access to state information, and so on. The regional grouping of nations has promoted the integration further and created pressure for democracy and human rights. Because of these global influences, the political system worldwide made a shift away from command and mixed economies to the free-market model. ENVIRONMETAL GLOBALIZATION: The globe today is facing unprecedented problems of global warming, depletion of the ozone layer, acute loss of bio-diversity, and trans-border pollution. In fact, ecological problems like floods, soil erosion, water pollution, air pollution, acid rain, and global warming cross national borders without hindrance. To prevent any further degradation of global ecology, the world community is actively engaged in preventing the growing problem of environment. Today, world attention has been drawn toward conservation of environment, harnessing water resources, and judicious use of non-renewable resource. The world community is, therefore, trying to encourage countries to understand these global environment issues and adopt legal and other measures to protect the environment. Nature of Globalization Globalization promotes international business. The international business is composed of four main categories: (i) world trade, (ii) portfolio investment (iii) direct investment, and (iv) multinational enterprises. A brief description of international business is given below: WORLD TRADE: The oldest form of international business is trading of merchandise. Consumers in one country buy goods, which are produced in another country. This is a common phenomenon. Most of the world trade today is among the industrialized countries. World trade is mostly made up of manufactured goods. The service trade has also been rapidly increasing during recent years. Export business is beneficial for a country not only in terms of trade, but also because it creates export-related jobs. With the growing integration of the world economy, world trade would also increase. In fact, expansion of world trade itself has been made easier by two things. Firstly, technological changes in transport, global network of banking and insurance, and information flows have made it possible to undertake world trade more quickly. Secondly, a number of international and regional agreements or arrangements have been established to promote and coordinate world trade. PORTFOLIO INVESTMENT: International portfolio investment is also known as indirect foreign investment. Portfolio investment is the second main type of globalization. It is the purchase of foreign securities in the form of stocks, bonds, or commercial papers to obtain a return on that investment in the form of dividends, interests, or capital gains. Acquiring foreign stocks and bonds does not confer managerial control of a foreign enterprise on the buyer. Rather, the international portfolio investor is a creditor whose main concern is a decent return on his or her investment. Therefore, the capital flow is greatly affected by relative interest rates and strong currency values, which result in high return for the investors. FOREIGN DERECT INVESTMENT: Foreign direct investment (FDI) is the long-term capital investment. It involves acquisitions by domestic firms of foreign-based factories or any other types of business firms. The investor, thus, enjoys managerial control over the assets of the acquired firm. Direct investment may be financed in a number of ways other than through capital movements. Foreign investments may be financed by borrowing locally, by reinvesting foreign earnings, by the sale to foreign affiliate of non-financial assets such as technology, or through funds generated by licensing fees and payments for management services to the parent company. MULTINATIONAL COMPANIES: FDI is an important vehicle for the birth and growth of multinational companies. A multinational company encompasses both domestic and overseas operations. It is called multinational because it operates across national boundaries. However, its focus is on foreign markets. A multinational company, thus, has all the components of the definition of globalization and international business discussed above. Being multinational in scope and activity, such firms also encounter wide-ranging socio-cultural, political, and legal problems while operating in many different countries. Methods of Globalization There are a number of methods for globalization of business. In each method, there is a choice of strategies to follow. These strategies are sometimes referred to as â€Å"foreign market entry strategies†. If the international business strategy is to be successful, a business firm must carefully analyze the advantages and disadvantages of different entry methods before deciding on its approaches. A brief account of some of the methods of globalization is as follows: EXPORTING: The most widely used and common method of doing business internationally is exporting. A direct export operation is a direct sale by a manufacturer to an overseas customer. Indirect exporting involves selling through an intermediary. Exporting is preferable when the cost of production in the home country is substantially lower than producing goods in foreign markets. Therefore, business firms having cost advantage would like to export their products to foreign markets instead of investing in production facilities there. Exporting is, thus, the first stage in the evolution of international business. Exporting is the best alternative under a given set of conditions. It is the least complex global operations. However, there are some factors, which make exporting less attractive than other alternatives. For example, policies of some governments discriminate against import. In some cases, imports are even banned. There may also be hostility against imports. In these situations, exporting strategy may not be effective. LICENSIG AND FRANCHINSG: Licensing and franchising are important entry and expansion methods. Through these methods, the companies can expand their business. Earnings come to the company through fees and royalties. Today, many western companies have been extensively using licensing and franchising practices. One of the growing trends in international business today has been trademark licensing. This has become a substantial source of worldwide revenue. Licensing offers rapid entry into a foreign market. Under international licensing, a business firm can contractually assign the rights to certain technical know-how, design, intellectual property to a foreign company in return for royalty. In many countries, law regulates such fees or royalties. At times, a licensing agreement may be of cross-licensing type wherein there is mutual exchange of knowledge and patents. In a cross-licensing arrangement, a cash payment may or may not be involved. The advantage of licensing is that the licenser does not have to bear the development costs associated with opening up in a foreign country. The licensee bears the costs. Franchising is a form of licensing in which a parent company (the franchiser) grants another independent entity (the franchise) the right to do business in a prescribed manner. The franchisee buys an established marketing package without the risks of product acceptance, market testing, etc. The franchiser gets foreign market entry at minimum cost, plus a local ntrepreneur. The privilege may be the right to sell the parent company’s product, to use its name, to adopt its methods, or to copy its symbols, trademarks and architecture. One of the common forms of franchising involves the franchiser supplying some ingredients for finished products, like coca-cola supplying the syrup to the bottlers. Hilton Hotels might sell a franchise to a local company in Nepal to operate hotels under the Hilton name. FULLY OWNED MANUFACTURING FACILITIES: Bigger corporations establish their own factories abroad. This strategy has some advantages. The corporation owning the factory has full control over production and quality. There is also no risk of developing potential competitors as in the case of licensing and contract manufacturing. However, there may be some problems while operating in a foreign country. The government may impose restrictions on the use of desired technology. Similarly, constraints such as lack of skilled manpower, infrastructural facilities, production bottlenecks, raw material supply etc. may also be encountered. Above all, the corporation may have to invest a lot in terms of financial and managerial resources to operate the plant in its fullest capacity. JOINT VENTURES A joint venture is a partnership in which the domestic firm and the foreign firm negotiates tie up involving one or more of the the following:equity,transfer of technology,investment,production and marketing. The arrangement defines responsibility for performance,accountability and powersharing. MERGER AND ACQUISITION The most extensive form of participation in global market is 100% ownership,which may be achieved by start up,merger or acquisition STRATEGIC ALLIANCE Various terms are used to describe the linkage between firms to jointly pursue a common goal,such as collaborative agreements,strategic alliance and global strategic partnership. EFFECT OF GLOBALISATION Increasing globalization has many effect and consequences on an indivisual business firm as well as the national economy. These effect are both positive as well as negative. We can identity some 5 major effects of Globalisation Liberalized International Trade Import Penetration Foreign Direct Investment Multinational Companies Competitive Environment How to cite Concept of Globalisation, Papers

Cooperative Learning Strategy to Improve †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Cooperative Learning Strategy to Improve. Answer: Introduction The article by Capern and Hammond (2014) presents a discussion about creating relationships that are positive for teachers and students that are secondary gifted and those with emotional or behavioral disorders. The article outlines ways of giving these two groups of students what they need. Capern and Hammond (2014), assert that associations between students and their teachers are often very vital in establishing conducive learning environments. However, positive relationships between teachers and learners are more vital in gifted students in secondary schools and among those with emotional or behavioral disorders. The findings show that secondary gifted students valued teacher behaviors that promote friendly and cordial interactions between students and teachers that supported their learning and academic management. On the other hand, secondary students with emotional or behavioral disorders cherished their teacher who showed them considerable understanding, warmth, and patience. According to Hussain (2017) these qualities are the precursors of teachers support in their learning process. Similarly, comparisons are made in this article between the behaviors identified by students with EBD and gifted students. It is indicated that there are teacher behaviors that are essential for both groups. Nevertheless, each group of students specified a set of teacher behaviors that addressed their unique needs. By having positive relationships between students and teachers, the former are more likely to be motivated and encouraged in the process of learning (Luz, 2015). Additionally, as mentioned in the article, students understand that a positive relationship with their teachers has a positive impact on their motivation and interest which enhances the learning process. The findings in this article are important because they may be applied to enhance relationships between different groups of students and increase the effectiveness of the learning process. The findings could be useful in bridging the gap that exists between practice and educational theory. The established frameworks in this study for creating positive relationships with these two types of students could be used to enhance academic and social outcomes for students. They also help develop learning environments that are positive, and thus are crucial, and ought to be implemented in my key learning area which is mathematics (Gehlbach et al., 2015). It is important to give enough time to students to prepare for tests or complete assignments. This also implies letting students work at their own pace to complete tasks. In addition, it is considerably important for the teachers to be easily approachable and always accessible for them to provide necessary assistance for the students to catch up on assignments and prepare for exams. It is also advisable to interests of students in the subject area and encourages the students based on their interest. Typically, learners who are identified as at high risk of dropping out of school are disproportionately in low ability mathematics classes (Muller, 2014). These students usually have educational expectations that are lower, attain low grades, and view their teachers to be less caring. Their teachers also perceive them as not making enough effort at school, and they do not perform well on mathematics tests management. This is the reason why it is important to implement the issue in my key learning area (Muller, 2014). Critical Evaluation of the Article Many research findings have indicated that positive interactions between students and their teachers are pivotal in establishing healthy learning environments. Some of these studies have also examined how student-teacher relationships are formed. However, this article suggests that there is inadequate comparative research on how to develop positive relationships differently with a different group of students. The positive relationship between students and their teachers is important for all students. However, it is more critical for students with Emotional or Behavioral Disorders (EBD) and gifted students (GS). In order for teachers and all education stakeholders to fully understand what can be done for teachers to form positive relations with these two groups of students, this study sought to understand the academic needs of different students. The study examined the views of 58 gifted students and 40 students with EBD from 6 secondary schools in Western Australia. It also identifie s the specific behavior of teachers that lead to the formation of quality relationships with each set of students (Capern Hammond, 2014). Capern and Hammond (2014), are of the opinion that constant interaction between teachers and students have an impact on the students emotional, social, and academic wellbeing. Quality teacher-student relationships have been found to raise the achievement of students and their attitudes towards learning and school. Other researchers have also found that strong positive teacher-student relationships between gifted students may help to create a link between the potential of the students and their accomplishment. It is worth mentioning that constructive teacher-student relationships may equally assist in redressing the academic difficulties that EBD students usually go through. In comparison to their peers, EBD students in many instances have lower grades, are likely to be diagnosed with learning disability, and fail at school more often. These students also have dropout rate which is higher than their peers. As mentioned in the previous paragraphs, positive teacher-student relationships are important to all students. However, this research has a particular interest in the gifted students and students with EBD as they have a high academic risk (Knoell, 2013). The study equally attempted to look into the Woolfolk and Weinsteins appeal by asking students to name behaviors o teachers that contribute strongly to the formation of positive quality relationships. This study fills a gap in corpus of literature by identifying the behavior of teachers that contributes to positive teacher-student relationships with GS and students with EBD and by comparing and contrasting the behaviors that were most effective with each set of students. Findings of the Research The research study involved Western Australian secondary school students who were recognized as having EBD or gifted. The findings of the research indicated that students who are gifted and those with EBD had varied perspectives as to which teacher behaviors were most crucial for creating constructive relationships with their instructors. GS placed more emphasis on teacher behaviors that would enable them to perform better academically (Capern Hammond, 2014). On the other hand, students with EBD held the view that it is crucial for their teachers to behave in ways that showed understanding, care, patience, as well as support for their academic activities. Even though the perspectives of these sets of students were different, there was agreement concerning teacher behaviors that formed the basis of positive student-teacher relationships. Both sets of students were in agreement on primary teacher behaviors that were efficient for developing positive relationships. However, they differed on secondary essential behaviors. The secondary essential teacher behaviors indicated that GS had a preference for teacher behaviors that lead to academic excellence and cordial interaction with their teachers. On the contrary, students with EBD preferred their teachers to behave in ways that displayed patience, understanding, and many learning opportunities (Capern Hammond, 2014). Students with EBD were of the view that it is important for their teachers to behave in an emotionally supportive manner than the gifted students. This shows that the students had the desire to have cordial relationship with their teachers and had the feeling that their teachers were mindful of their circumstances and emotional states. Gifted students emphasized on behaviors that are supportive academically. They considered academic support as the basis for helpful relationships because they felt that this would allow their teachers to fulfill their basic role of facilitators of education. It is important to note that both sets of students underscored the significance of teachers to treat them with respect, being friendly and warm, and helping them with their school work. Method of the Research The behaviors of teachers that lead to good relationships between teachers and secondary students with EBD and gifted students were investigated by applying mixed-methods approach. The research study was carried out in Western Australian secondary schools that provide academic programs to gifted students as well as those with EBD. The mixed-method approach involves incorporating both qualitative and quantitative research to analyze, gather, and interpret data (Verloop, 2017). Quantitative data in this study was collected using surveys, while qualitative data were collected using focus groups. Data collection process was carried over 18 months. Students were asked whether they would be able to take part in the study in discussion to give their views on relationships with their teachers. Six students who were willing to participate were selected randomly to take part in a focus group. The process of collecting data for the students with EBD was organized in a similar manner with a sample of 40 students taking part. 12 students who were willing to participate were selected randomly to participate in a focus group. The student-teacher relationship survey was used as the primary instrument for collecting quantitative data. Test of reliability of the student version was conducted by using the Cronbachs alpha. Cronbachs alpha for both students with EBD and gifted students was 0.96 showing high reliability (Capern Hammond, 2014). Teacher behavior was represented by 70 items on the survey in which each of the item therein was used to represent the teachers behavior. Likert scale format was used to score the items (6 = very strongly agree to 1 = very strongly disagree). This showed how critical each behavior was for forming a positive teacher-student relationship. The study also made use of open-ended questions to determine behaviors of teachers that may not have been in the 70 item list. On the other hand, the purpose of focus groups was to ascertain the findings of the conducted surveys (Capern Hammond, 2014). There were two programs with each focus group consisting of 6 students from every program except one of the gifted programs. Survey data was analyzed before carrying out the focus groups to allow the participants to have an opportunity to offer reflections on the outcomes from the study. The resulting data was triangulated to ensure dependability. The participating students were also asked to provide t heir reflections and make comparisons on how certain teachers are good at developing relationships. The discussions in the focus groups were recorded and properly transcribed to ensure accuracy of data gathered. A coding system was used to come up with codes (Liberante, 2015). Lesson Plan Sequence and scope summary (particular subject requirements to appear on sequence and scope) Strand: Measurement and Geometry Sub strands: Time: Recognizing Duration: 5 weeks Unit overview Here, students learn to match familiar activities with time frames, organize their own time, and manage activities that are scheduled. In this unit, it is crucial to take into consideration the individual approaches of communication used by students. Responses by the students may be communicated through facial expressions or gestures. The activities presented may demand adaptation to allow students to respond using their individual communication strategies Outcomes Students recognize time in contexts that are familiar contexts, recognize and relate time in varied contexts. Assessment Observing students sequencing events/activities matching activities. Students making use of a time table using a timetable to plan activities. Conclusion This paper provided a critical evaluation of the article by Capern and Hammond (2014). It consisted of the introduction and the key talking points of the article. The participants of the research study comprised of Western Australian secondary school students who were recognized as having EBD or gifted. The findings of the research indicated that students who are gifted and those with EBD had varied perspectives in regards to which teacher behaviors were most crucial for establishing a constructive relationship. The article outlines ways of giving gifted students and the students with EBD what they need. Capern and Hammond (2014), assert that interactions between students and teachers are fundamental in developing a healthy and fruitful learning environment that will have positive outcomes for students in general. References Capern, T., Hammond, L. (2014). Establishing Positive Relationships with Secondary Gifted Students and Students with Emotional/ Behavioural Disorders: Giving These Diverse Learners What They Need. Australian Journal of Teacher Education, 2-18. Gehlbach, H., Brinkworth, M. E., Harris, A. D. (2015). Changes in teacher-student relationships . Educational Psychology, 6-18. Hussain, N. (2017). Positive Teacher-Student Relationship and Teachers Experience-A Teachers Perspective . Global Journal of Management and Business Research Interdisciplinary , 3-21. Knoell, C. M. (2013). The Role of the Student-Teacher Relationship in the Lives of Fifth Graders: A Mixed Methods Analysis. Education and Human Sciences, 21-45. Liberante, L. (2015). The importance of teacherstudent relationships, as explored through the lens of the NSW Quality Teaching Model. Journal of Student engagement: Education Matters, 6-19. Luz, F. S. (2015). The Relationship between Teachers and Students in the classroom: Communicative Language teaching Approach and Cooperative Learning Strategy to Improve Learning. Journal of Education, 5-7. Muller, C. (2014). The Role of Caring in the Teacher-Student Relationship for At-Risk Students . Journal of Education, 5-16. Verloop, N. (2017). Positive teacherstudent relationships go beyond the classroom, problematic ones stay inside. Journal of Educational Research, 32-98.

Design of Database Assignment

Questions: 1. Describe how the design of a database can affect data quality, integrity, and security. 2. Discuss the role of a data dictionary in ensuring both the quality of enterprise-wide data and data within a specific database application. 3. Explain the concept of data warehousing and its application to decision support. Answers: 1) The design of database can affect the data quality, integrity, and security in following ways-: 1) Data Quality As we all know that in any organization there are various objects that seems to be important from the designing point of view. However, the database designer studies the system properly and after that generates the overall design of the system. And the type of data he use to design the database affect the quality of database. And if the quality of data is used in the database design it helps in providing reliability to the data that helps the organization in decision making. 2) Integrity As in the good database design the designer use the concept of referential integrity which means referencing the data in terms of primary key and foreign key. And if this concept is used in designing it ultimately affect the data integrity of the system. suppose if there is some changes required in the same data used at various places in the database. Then with the help of integrity concepts the value of data get changed at every place. 3) Security If the database designer use the concept of permission in the database in order to provide permission for accessing the confidential data of the organization. So in this way design of the database affect the security of the system by providing permissions to particular user who have authority to access the data. 2) Role of a data dictionary in ensuring both the quality of enterprise-wide data and data within a specific database application are as follows. 1) Data dictionary is a term which is used for explaining the data about data, or in simple words we can say that metadata. Data dictionary explain the organizational data or each entity in the database which shows the quality of data the organization have. 2) As Data dictionary explains the each term in the database very clearly so it also helps any new database administrator to understand the database system fastly and also represent the organization the quality of data it have within the particular database application. 3) As the data dictionary expand the entity with its part. Then after viewing those part one can easily estimate the quality of data the database system of the organization have. And how effectively the database system helps in decision making. 3. Data warehousing Concept Data warehousing is a technique used to store the current and historical data of the organization in particular system of the organization. Data warehousing helps the organization in order to make comparison between the data of two different session. Data warehousing keeps all the details of the database. And after accessing the ware house it helps in presenting the details infront of organization in the forms of reports. And it also helps in making decision. The two main application of data warehousing towards decision support system are as-: 1) Data mining 2) Web mining References McHugh, J., Abiteboul, S., Goldman, R., Quass, D., Widom, J. (1997). Lore: A database management system for semistructured data. SIgMOD Record, 26(3), 54-66. Selinger, P. G., Astrahan, M. M., Chamberlin, D. D., Lorie, R. A., Price, T. G. (1979, May). Access path selection in a relational database management system. In Proceedings of the 1979 ACM SIGMOD international conference on Management of data (pp. 23-34). ACM. Stonebraker, M., Kemnitz, G. (1991). The POSTGRES next generation database management system. Communications of the ACM, 34(10), 78-92. Wakayama, S., Shimoi, T., Kobayashi, S., Munechika, H. (1999). U.S. Patent No. 5,920,869. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.

How to Write a Humorous Essay Compare and Contrast

How to Write a Humorous Essay Compare and ContrastWhen you decide to write a humorous essay compare and contrast essay topics for college, you may be somewhat apprehensive about what the other topics may be. However, a humorous essay should not be as hard as you think it is, and certainly not as difficult as you may have imagined. It is quite easy if you know how to write a humorous essay compare and contrast essay.You may be asking what types of humor is best suited for an essay compare and contrast essay topics for college. There are so many kinds of humor in the world, but as far as a college essay go, the best one would be one that targets humor at the type of college student you are. If you are an honors student who likes to write and think out loud, a humorous essay might be exactly what you need. But if you are a student in a vocational, technical or business school who does not enjoy thinking on their feet, then perhaps a humorous essay topic for college is not the best for y ou.The thing to remember about an essay to compare and contrast essay topics for college is that your target audience will be different from the person you are writing for. Therefore, you need to find the perfect types of material to use that will reach everyone. Some of the major writing topics for college essays that are a perfect fit for humorous essays include issues in dating, relationships, finding work, and even being around large crowds. These types of topics can all provide you with great, humorous ideas.One other way to learn how to write a humorous essay compare and contrast essay topics for college is to read some humorous literature. You may be surprised by how many novels, plays and short stories are humorous in nature. Read some of these books and see if they can inspire you to create an equally funny essay topic for college.Another way to get the ball rolling when you are thinking about how to write a humorous essay compare and contrast essay topics for college is to read several of the best jokes in the Internet. A lot of humor websites and blogs focus on funny material and offer original humor. These sites may not be as professional or 'official' as you would find in a school newspaper, but they may give you a good idea of where to start and what type of humor you may be interested in creating.When you do write a humorous essay compare and contrast essay topics for college, you want to be sure to tailor your humor to the type of audience you are trying to reach. You will want to make sure that your students appreciate the humor you are presenting to them. Students may find that their classmates enjoy a bit of humor, especially if they feel the humor is not their own.Of course, humor is not just a great method of making your point, but it is also a great way to build rapport between you and your audience. Having them laugh can also be quite therapeutic for students. In addition, if they are enjoying your humor, they will likely be more open to your ideas, thus making the writing process more effective and productive.Remember that it is always important to brainstorm your way through your humorous essay compare and contrast essay topics for college. Do not worry if you don't come up with any great ideas right away, but do not worry if you do not have a great time either.

The Art of the Tattoo Essay Example For Students

The Art of the Tattoo Essay Around the 1990s, a five thousand year old tattooed man, Otzi the Ice Man, was discovered on a mountain between Austria and Italy bearing 57 tattoos; he is the first person known to have markings on his body which has evolved to be known as tattoos. The art of Tattoo has been around for many thousands of years. The styles and reasons for it have varied from individuals as they have from culture, society, or group. Some tattoos were done for simple adornment, as a symbol of a certain group, or for religious beliefs. Tattooing has existed in one form or a another across the globe since before recorded history and the popularity of this unique form of expression will most likely continue for centuries to come. Although the basic concept of tattoo has been a constant throughout the history of mankind the styles and reasons for it have evolved along with mans own evolution. Despite the reasoning behind getting a tattoo there are pros and cons to keep in mind. Initially, there are a few pros to getting a tattoo including self expression, advanced technology, and adornment (depending on how people view it). We will write a custom essay on The Art of the Tattoo specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Most of the times, a tattoo is a representation of ones belief, culture, or a simple part of oneself. Everyone has their own way of expressing their unique characteristics and tattoos can be one form of that. Tattoos were very common in the ancient Egypt culture; temporary tattoos known as henna, is also very popular amongst the South Asian culture as an expression of beauty and adornment. Also, with todays advanced technologies and strict regulations, it can be safe to get a tattoo. With newer machines and stricter safety regulations, it is more convenient to get a tattoo now versus getting a tattoo 10 years ago. Before Sam Reilly invented the tattoo machine, ancient cultures used instruments that were painful and unsanitary. Now with medication and quick machines, anyone can get a tattoo and bear the pain easily. On the other hand, along with the pros, getting a tattoo comes with a price. Unfortunately, most of us are sucked into the corruption of society. We care about what society has to say on clothing, appearance, or form of self-expression. Even in todays modern time, people judge based on someone carries themselves. The working environment frowns upon people with tattoos. Whether getting a tattoo is right or wrong, people associate tattoos with negativity. Furthermore, getting a tattoo definitely can be a huge risk on ones health. Not only is it painful, even with the new technology, it can be risky if the tattoo artists do not follow the procedures carefully. Getting a tattoo can put you at risk for contracting a variety of illnesses from a bacterial infection to HIV. Therefore, it is important to make sure, when getting a tattoo, the tattoo artist has proper legal documents proving his profession. Also, tattoos are permanent and though they can be removed, it can be painful and expensive. In conclusion, tattoos may be a symbol of religion and culture, but at the end of the day tattoos can be an irresponsible decision made by young adults and risky. It affects ones possibility to maintain a professional outlook in the workplace and also diminishes ones reputation, regardless of its symbolic meaning or artistry. Though one should not conform to society, the struggle to get a job can influence one to take such measures. Because we, as humans, change our perspectives as we grow older, tattoos tend to be regretted; tattoos can be painful and expensive to remove.

The Importance of Family in Homers The Illiad.

The Importance of Family in Homers The Illiad. Most people would consider their family to be among their top priorities, if not their very first. In Homer's "The Illiad", Hecuba is portrayed as a woman who values family. Her emphasis on family values is demonstrated in her relationship with her son Hektor, as well as her husband Priam.Hecuba feared Achilleus would kill her son Hektor in battle so she attempted to persuade him to refrain from fighting the great Achilleus. Unfortunately she was unsuccessful as she "could not move the spirit in Hektor", Hektor proceeded to prepare for battle (l.91). Despite Hecuba's efforts to sway her sons decision, Hektor was confident that he could win this battle. Confidence is a quality often developed in early stages of childhood, showing the reader that Hektor was brought up in a supportive and loving home, created by his parents. Hektor was no match for Achilleus and sadly lost the battle.Hector GuimardHecuba knew Hektor would lose if he were to fight Achilleus, as shown when she "in tears w as mourning" before Hektor had even gone to battle (l.79). This indicated that she knew Hektors strengths and weaknesses, something an attentive mother would be aware of. This knowledge provided the reader with evidence enabling them to believe that Hecuba and Hektor had a solid mother-son relationship.Hecuba did not want Hektor to fight Achilleus, not only because she feared his death, but because she suspected that Achilleus would rob Hektor of his right to the chance of a proper burial. Hecuba believed that Hektor, when he was to die, deserved a proper and respectful burial. She told her son "for if he kills you I can no longer mourn you on the death-bed", and "nor can your generous wife mourn you, but a bit way...

Wireless Intrusion Detection Systems Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Wireless Intrusion Detection Systems - Essay Example One of the common wireless intrusion methods is known as ‘Wardriving’. Normally, this is done by using a Windows laptop running Wardriving software, for example NetStumbler, and equipped with an IEEE 802.11b adapter and external aerial. The ‘Wardriver’ moves near the wireless network area expecting to detect IEEE 802.11b signals that have spilled out onto the area around. NetStumbler search for beacon frames from the access points (APs) and processing these beacon frames, it is feasible to resolve the encryption strength, channel, and type of hardware used. The Wardriver may also get other details of the network such as the Service Set Identifier (SSID). Usually, this is done as a hobby and such hobbyists may combine the data with Global Positioning System (GPS) information to generate geographic maps of wireless networks in the area and their configurations. There are different software’s available for Wardriving, basing on the platform used. As a ma tter of fact, active software like NetStumbler, dStumbler, and MiniStumbler transmit probe request frames to extract responses from APs (Wright, 2002). This helps their probability of detecting APs. Another popular intrusion method is the Linux program AirSnort, most commonly used tool for WEP key extraction. Intruder by means of AirSnort would clandestinely gather wireless network traffic of the intended network. AirSnort can find out the WEP key of the network by processing the weak frames collected. There is also possibility of denial-of-service (DoS) attack on the network.

Research methods Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Research methods - Essay Example At the next level, the precise structure and the methods used for data collection and analysis are expected to be less clear in qualitative studies compared to quantitative ones (Kumar 2010). As a result, a misunderstanding may often results in regard to the characteristics of a qualitative study; in certain qualitative studies, their design is identical with the data collection method, as, for example, in the case of the participant observation’ (Kumar 2010, p.104). Further differences can be identified regarding the philosophical underpinning of the two approaches. More specifically, the qualitative studies are usually characterized as ‘naturalistic’, being depended on social evidence, while the quantitative studies are ‘positivistic’ (Rapport 2004, p.2), being depended on specific facts which can be analysed using tools that can ‘produce generalisable observations’ (Rapport 2004, p.2). On the other hand, qualitative studies are likely to emphasize on the relationship between the causes and the effects of particular events while the qualitative studies are based on the analysis of human behaviour, as reflected in the responses of participants to a series of events. In accordance with Lee (1999) one of the key characteristics of the qualitative approach is that it is ‘context – free’ (Lee 1999, p.8), meaning that it is not based on empirical results but it rather refers to findings that reflect the local conditions, as related to a series of events. From this point of view, researchers using the qualitative approach give emphasis on the responses of participants to specific events (Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill 2009); in opposition, in quantitative studies researchers tend to focus on the development of empirical results, which need to be fully justified, as of the methods used for generating them, and verified; in qualitative approach, the researcher does not have such concerns since the qualit ative study can refer to the views of a limited number of participants (Hansen 2007); these views do not have to be tested as of their validity as in the case of quantitative studies. Moreover, Elliott (2005) noted that qualitative and quantitative approaches can be characterized as ‘divergent genres’ (Elliott 2005, p.184), based on different methods of data presentation; in quantitative studies, efforts need to be made for persuading the readers on the validity of results (Elliott 2005, p.184). In qualitative studies there is no such pressure; the reader has to be informed on the responses of the participants without further explanations on the characteristics of the data and the process involved (Elliott 2005). Section B In the context of the qualitative approach a series of different data collection methods can be used, in accordance with the research aims, the availability of sources and the target population. In the study of Bryman and Bell (2007) emphasis is given on the high range of data collection methods that respond to the requirements of the qualitative approach. Reference is made to five of the most known methods of data collection as used in qualitative studies: a) the participant observation in which the research has to observe the response of a group of persons to particular events; usually, the social group chosen

Gender Inequalities in Health and Illness

Gender Inequalities in Health and Illness Gender Inequalities in Health and Illness This essay will look at the gender inequalities in health and illness statically. This essay will also look at how women live longer than men and what diseases and mental health symptoms affect both men and women in mortality and morbidity rates such as cancers and depression. Statistics will show how people are living longer and how this will continue as more people will become centenarians as the years go by. This essay will also show findings of stereotypes or stigmas attached to both genders and how this affects healthcare both physically and mentally along with how society thinks in regards to both genders and the impact this has. Finally it will look at masculinity and how and why this affects men going to the GPs about their healthcare and the effects of this. Today women tend to live longer than men on average in industrialised countries, although this is true women experience more ill health through their lifetimes compared to men. More women rather than men suffer from somatic complaints such as aches and pains, headaches and tiredness to mention a few (Backes, G et al, 2008). Women’s mortality rates are often because of breast, cervix and uterus cancers whereas ischemic heart disease and lung cancer has a higher mortality rate in men (Bury, M, 2005). Although some researchers believe there is more consistency in studies that involve depression, anxiety and minor psychological illness compared to the studies of higher illness rates in women (Bartley, 2004). At all ages males have a greater mortality rate than women in the United Kingdom due to injuries and suicide. Cardiovascular disease and cancers are also one of the main reasons male mortality rate is higher than that of women’s. Depressive disorder, mental health, anxi ety and disability all have higher morbidity rates for women than men (Acheson, 1998). Higher mortality rates in men can be explained by social factors such as employment whereby males tend to be in employment that is ‘risky’ such as exposure to toxic chemicals, environmental hazards and dangerous machinery. Driving under the influence of alcohol, dangerous sports and road traffic accidents are all major risk taking behaviours that men rather than women tend to participate in (Bury, M, 2005). Men used to have a higher smoking rate than women resulting in lung cancer but today it is seen that young girls under fifteen years of age are more likely to smoke than boys of the that same age group. The recommended daily intake of alcohol is usually acknowledged by women whereas men in all age groups tend to drink more than the recommended daily intake (Scambler, 2008). One third of babies born in 2013 will live to they are one hundred according to the office for national statistics. Of these 797,000 babies that were less than one in 2013 in the UK, 151,000 of these will be women and 123,000 will be men that live to one hundred in 2113 (Office for national Statistics, 2013).Whereas only 8% of men and 14% of women who were sixty-five in 2013 would go on to live until they are one hundred around 85,000 altogether. Looking further back in time there were only six hundred centenarians in 1961, ninety of these being men, this has increased every year since then for example in 2013 there were a total of 14,000 centenarians in the United Kingdom (Office for national Statistics, 2013). It is expected that 111,000 people will live to one hundred or more by 2037. Women are expected to become centenarians more so than men in all years as in 1961 there were five hundred this rose to 12,000 in 2013 and is expected to rise higher resulting in 77,000 women becomin g centenarians by 2037 and 293,000 by 2062. Men have had a rapid rise in centenarians from 1961 where there were only ninety centenarians this rose to 2,000 in 2013. It is estimated men living to one hundred or over will rise to 34,000 by 2037 and 163,000 by 2062 (Office for national Statistics, 2013). The latest figures from the Office for National Statistics show that in ‘good’ health men in the least deprived areas could live to 70.5 years whereas men in the most deprived areas could live to 52.2 years. Women on the other hand can live in ‘good’ health in the least deprived areas for up to 71.3 years whereas women in the most deprived areas can live to 52.4 years. When measured by the range there were nine years difference between men in the most deprived areas compared to the men in the least deprived areas (Office for National Statistics, 2015). Women when measured by the range had a 6.9 year shorter life expectancy for women in the most deprived areas compared to the women in the least deprived areas. In ‘good’ health men in the least deprived areas lived 19.1 years longer and 19.5 years for women (Bury, M, 2005). There are a lot of assumptions around gender stereotypes that are socially constructed which to this day still exist in society. People or society expect a women to be a certain way or act a certain way such as staying at home looking after children and being a housewife rather than getting a job and that they are responsible for raising children (Cook, R and Cusack, S, 2010). Women are nurses rather than doctors, women do not need to have a career, and women should cook and do housework. Women do not or cannot have technical jobs such as being a mechanic these are some of the stereotypes associated with women (Cook, R and Cusack, S, 2010). People or society expect a man to enjoy working on cars, are doctors and not nurses, that men do ‘dirty’ jobs such as construction or mechanics. Men do not do housework and are not responsible for taking care of children, men are in charge husbands tell their wives what to do and are lazy or messy these are just some of the stereotype s associated with men (Health Guidance, No date). These stereotypes can affect both genders mentally and physically and can have an impact on mortality and morbidity rates such as a man doing a ‘dangerous’ job or a women having depression. Masculinity ideology plays a vital role in men’s health, men believe they should be powerful, strong, brave, intelligent, healthy, mature and in control (Sabo, D and Gordon, F, 1995). When these statements are untrue or thought to be untrue it can have a negative impact on men resulting in substance misuse and criminality, depression and suicide to mention a few as a lot of men especially young men feel powerless, weak, fearful and do not pay attention to their mental, physical or emotional health (Key issues in promoting health, No date). It is a fact that women are more open to talk about health problems than men which is why women that suffer from depression and anxiety are seen to have higher morbidity rates according to statistics. It is thought that biological and social factors contribute to depression and are seen differently in both men and women (Mental Health Foundation, No date). Men aged sixteen to forty-four are less likely to visit GPs than women due to worries of losing pay from their job if they take an appointment but also from masculinity problems such as thinking the environment in GP surgeries are too feminine and the general attitude men take towards healthcare and social expectation when they are ill (Harvey, S, et al, No date). It is also seen that because women are more open about their health, statistics show they visit the GPs more often than men and that they may go to the GPs for less severe symptoms of illness compared to men (Harvey, S, et al, No date). In conclusion this essay has looked at the statistics of inequalities in health and illness. Such as the fact that today women tend to live longer in industrialized countries than men and it seems that it is going to continue in that way, at the same time there has been a rapid rise in men living longer with mortality rates decreasing due to different employment available in this present day. Women morbidity rates are higher than men’s due to women seeking medical advice more often and being more open about their healthcare issues, whereas men avoid GPs either because of worry of losing pay from work or masculinity reasons such as the stigma that ‘men do not get sick’ (Bartley, 2004; Acheson, 1998; Scambler, 2008; Harvey, S, et al, No date). Although life expectancy rates are higher for both men and women it also seems that people living to one hundred or more is on the rise from six hundred centenarians in the 1960s to fourteen thousand centenarians in 2013 and it is estimated to rise higher each year onwards. Stereotypes have also had an impact on both genders due to society having the thought that men should have ‘dirty’ or ‘dangerous’ jobs and women should stay at home or have ‘clean’ jobs therefore it can result in physical problems or higher mortality rates for men and mental health problems such as anxiety or depression for women. Masculinity plays a vital role in men’s health due to the stigmas attached therefore mental health such as depression is seen different to professionals such as GPs in both men and women (Office for national Statistics, 2013; Office for National Statistics, 2015; Mental Health Foundation, No date; Harvey, S, et al, No date). Bibliography Books Acheson, D (1998). Independent Inquiry into Inequalities in Health Report. 1st edn. London: The Stationary Office. Backes, G et al (2008) Gender, Health and Ageing: European Perspectives on Life Course, Health Issues and Social Challenges. 13th edn. Springer Science and Business Media. Bartley, M (2004). Health Inequalities: An Introduction to Theories, Concepts, and methods. 1st edn. Cambridge: Polity Press. Bury, M (2005). Health and Illness. 1st edn. Cambridge: Polity Press. Cook, R and Cusack, S (2010). Gender Stereotyping: Transnational Legal Perspectives. 1st edn. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. Sabo, D and Gordon, F (1995). Men’s Health and Illness: Gender, Power, and the Body. 1st edn. London: SAGE Publications, Inc. Scambler, A (2008). Women and Health in Scambler G (ed) Sociology as Applied to Medicine. 1st edn. Elsevier Limited. Websites Harvey, S et al. (No date) Why are men reticent to visit their GP? What can be done to address this situation? [Online] Available at: http://www.socialsciences.exeter.ac.uk/media//Mens_Health_Forum_Project.docx Accessed: 22/03/15 Health Guidance (No date) List of Gender Stereotypes. [Online] Available at: http://www.healthguidance.org/entry/15910/1/List-ofGender-Stereotypes.html Accessed: 20/02/15 Key issues in promoting mental health (No date) Masculinity and mental health Dr Ken Harland. [Online] Available at: http://www.ycni.org/downloads/misc/masculinity_mental_health.pdf Accessed: 21/03/15 Mental Health Foundation (No date) Mental Health Statistics: Men Women. [Online] Available at: http://www.mentalhealth.org.uk/help-information/mental-health-statistics/men-women/ Accessed: 20/03/15 Office for National Statistics (2015) Inequality in healthy life expectancy at birth by national deciles of area deprivation: England, 2011 to 2013. [Online] Available at: http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/disability-and-health-measurement/inequality-in-healthy-life-expectancy-at-birth-by-national-deciles-of-area-deprivationengland/2011-13/index.html Accessed: 20/03/15 Office for National Statistics (2013) One Third of Babies born in 2013 are expected to live to 100. [Online] Available at: http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/lifetables/historic-and-projected-data-from-the-period-and-cohort-life-tables/2012-based/sty-babies-living-to-100.html Accessed: 21/03/15